In addition to aging, hepcidin expression is induced by chronic inflammation,62 which is often elevated in patients with chronic inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.63–65 Interestingly, these hepcidin inducers (aging and chronic inflammation) are risk factors for both AD and osteoporosis. The gene discussed is HAMP; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.