TBX1 and cancer: For instance, Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in NFs, as a transcriptional coactivator, modulates the transcription of SRC by forming a protein compound with TEA domain transcription factor-1 (TEAD1), resulting in cytoskeletal protein activation and ultimately transformation into CAFs.47 Overall, induced by cancer cells and TME, etc., NFs are activated to CAFs.