Thus, using a systems biology strategy, we combined experimental and computational analyses for the prediction of epithelial targets in an interactive network of proteins and found that TGF-βRIII would be targeted as an epithelial–mesenchymal common target (EMCT) in OSCC.116 In summary, the paracrine and autocrine TGF-β signaling pathway contributes extensively to the crosstalk of CAFs and cancer cells, and EMCTs show great potential for use in targeted therapy, while more studies are still needed to determine which TGF-β signaling component can serve as a common target in antitumor therapy. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.