The EGR1 gene is expressed in the amacrine cell of the retina and was shown to respond to optical defocus in a sign-of-defocus sensitive manner [92], while VIP is the principal neurotransmitter of the VIPergic amacrine cells of the retina, which were shown to be involved in myopia development [89, 166, 167]. This evidence concerns the gene EGR1 and myopia.