ATF4 and viral infectious disease: ZIKV but not UV-inactivated virus infection induced a small degree of 28S and 18S rRNA degradation at 24 hpi, followed by dramatic degradation at 48 and 72 hpi with the appearance of a newly degraded band, which might explain inhibition of ATF4 translation at these time points even when eIF2α was phosphorylated (Fig. 9b and c).