Thus, we were particularly interested in the combinatorial targets of ITGB3 + IGF1R, ITGB3 + JNK, and HDGF + LGR5, not only because of their high clinical significance, but also because ITGB3 + IGF1R and ITGB3 + JNK are FDA-approved drug targets, and HDGF + LGR5 potentially interact in a physical complex to contribute to tumor angiogenesis and cancer stemness. Here, MAPK8 is linked to cancer.