In our study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays to compare gene expression data, which enables understanding of the influence of thyroid hormones and serum autoantibodies, such as an anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) on the mRNA neuropeptides and receptors pathway-focused gene expression in patients with primary hypothyroidism resulted from AIT and postoperative hypothyroidism and patients with AIT with rising serum autoantibodies, such as anti-Tg and anti-TPO. This evidence concerns the gene TPO and hypothyroidism.