PIGF and fetal growth restriction: For instance, detection of the placental hormone, chorionic gonadotropin is used to confirm pregnancy, reduced levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in the maternal circulation are predictive of IUGR and PE2 and an imbalance in placental derived angiogenic regulators, like soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT1) and placental growth factor (PIGF) can be predictive of PE3.