We found that the ratio of sFLT1 to MIF concentration was increased by 210% (p = 0.0003) and ANGPT2 to MIF was increased by 97% (p = 0.02) in women at 12 weeks of gestation who went on to develop GDM compared to the healthy pregnancies (Fig. 4d). Here, ANGPT2 is linked to gestational diabetes.