RASopathies or RAS-MAPK syndromes are defined as a group of developmental disorders that are caused by mild gain-of-function germline mutations in genes related to not only the constituent members of the RTK-RAS-MAPK pathway103 but also various accessory proteins, including CBL, SHP2, SPRED1 and SHOC2 (Fig. 3a)103. This evidence concerns the gene SHOC2 and RASopathy.