In addition, all treatments, except for CD40 stimulation treatment alone, reduced the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines including IL-10 and TGF-β, in the tumor tissues, compared with control treatment with IgG (Fig. 6g, h), verifying the reversal of Mφ–mediated immune suppression in GBM. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.