Our study confirmed that, in mild/moderate cases, a “core” COVID-19 signature characterized by elevated levels of several cytokines (e.g., IL-1α, IL-1β, IFN-α, IL-17A, and IL-12), which was first identified in a longitudinal study of immune responses in 113 COVID-19 patients by Lucas et al.81. Here, IL1A is linked to COVID-19.