CCL2 and congenital rubella syndrome: Furthermore, most CRS-related cytokines, including IL-6, GM-CSF, CXCL10, IL-10, receptor for advanced glycation end (RAGE products), CCL2, VEGRF1, IL-7, CCL3, VEGF, CX3CL1, and IL-15, were highly produced between 6 and 20 dpi in severe/critical cases (Fig. 2b, c), suggesting that CRS mainly occurred within this time window.