TGFB1 and lung cancer: FGFs are considered cancer drivers for their ability to regulate angiogenesis, cell proliferation and metastasis [112,113].• Loss of TGF-β signaling in osteoblasts increases basic FGF to promote bone metastases in an animal prostate cancer model [114].• Activation of FGF2/FGFR1 promotes cell proliferation, EMT and metastasis in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer via the FGFR1-ERK1/2-SOX2 axis [115].• Collective migration of parapineal cells is mediated by FGF signaling [116].