A Kaplan–Meier plot (Fig. 6D) for patients with endometrial hyperplasia with or without atypia showed a shorter time interval for progression to cancer in those with ALDH1 positive cells than those that were completely negative (median time 57 months vs 144 months, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.66, 95% CI 1.27–5.58; p = 7.1e−03). Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to cancer.