There were significant difference in nine of these proteins, namely, serum amyloid A 1 (SAA1), plasminogen (PLG), angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), platelet factor 4 (PF4), osteoprotegerin (OPG), fibronectin (FN1), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1), and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) between the patients with TA-AAD and the healthy controls (Supplementary Fig. 1c–o), suggesting that they may be TA-AAD-related proteins. Here, SAA1 is linked to Takayasu arteritis.