Interestingly, ER-stress response was only triggered by infection or treatment with the secretome of invasive Salmonella strains (WT and ΔSPI-2), but not with the non-invasive strain ΔSPI-1 (Supplementary Fig. 2i, j), suggesting a causal relationship between ER-stress response and E2F1/miRNA regulation. The gene discussed is E2F1; the disease is infection.