VEGFA and rheumatoid arthritis: Several studies have demonstrated that VEGF and VEGF signaling are a potent angiogenic factor and pathway, respectively, that stimulate vessel formation and fracture repair in mice.57,68 However, our in vivo finding demonstrated that the RA mice developed impaired angiogenesis due to inflammation, which led us to speculate that the reduced angiogenic factors, but not VEGF, are likely the direct downstream targets that mediate the reduced angiogenesis observed in vivo.