HIF1A and renal cell carcinoma: Stabilised HIF-1α also enhances the expression of glycolytic enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), and other glycolysis-related genes, such as glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and hexokinase (HK), which consequently increase glucose uptake and glycolysis, thus reducing the carbon flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in RCC [12, 13].