By contrast, HIF-2α plays a critical role in RCC progression through its activating effects on c-Myc, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin D, tumour protein p53, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) oncogenes, resulting in enhanced cell cycle progression and tumour growth [16–18]. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and renal cell carcinoma.