Five pathways, including those involving the ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and nod-like receptor signaling pathway, showed significantly differential enrichment in samples from patients showing the GNG5 high expression phenotype based on NES, NOM P-values, and FDR values (Fig. 5a, Additional file 6: S3E–H; Table 2), indicating a potential role for GNG5 in the development of glioma. The gene discussed is GNG5; the disease is glioma.