Similar results were found based on correlation analysis between GNG5 expression level in gliomas and different pathological subtypes, such as the expression levels of GNG5 in recurrent astrocytoma, recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma, and recurrent anaplastic oligodendroglioma were higher than that in corresponding primary pathological subtypes, as shown in Fig. 3g. The gene discussed is GNG5; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).