GNG5 and glioblastoma: GNG5 expression was elevated in tumor tissues including glioblastoma (GBM), lower-grade glioma (LGG), ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), and showed significantly lower expression in acute myeloid leukemia (LAML) relative to the control group (Fig. 1a).