For example, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase-MB, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total carbon dioxide in the blood, international normalized ratio, and monocyte percentage for diabetes retinopathy; urinary microalbumin, urine Cr, serum Calcium (Ca), urine red blood cells, crystalluria, serum phosphorous (P), creatine kinase, and hyaline cast cholinesterase for diabetes neuropathy; and urine Cr, urinary microalbumin, serum P, serum Ca, urinary squamous epithelial cells, and serum Cr for peripheral vascular disease. The gene discussed is PIK3C2A; the disease is peripheral vascular disease.