Erroneous initial diagnoses included MS (N = 3), isolated or relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (CRION) (N = 5), pseudotumor cerebri (N = 2), ischemic optic neuropathy (N = 1), lupus-related myelitis (N = 1), syringomyelia (N = 1), suspected lymphomatous infiltrate (N = 1), iatrogenic myelitis after anti-TNF alpha treatment (N = 1) [16], neurotuberculosis (N = 1) and Harding syndrome (combination of MS and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy; N = 1). Here, TNF is linked to pseudotumor cerebri.