VHL and renal cell carcinoma: Consequently, clear cell RCC (CCRCC) is responsive to drugs that directly or indirectly inhibit angiogenesis.4, 5, 6 The remaining ∼25% of kidney cancers, while pathologically heterogeneous (e.g., papillary, chromophobe, clear cell papillary, collecting duct, medullary, sarcomatoid), have an intact VHL gene, and are broadly classified as non-clear cell RCC (NCCRCC) or variant histology RCC.