ALB and diabetes mellitus: Methods: A cohort of 421 patients from a single institution who underwent PD for carcinoma and followed for at least 6 months were assessed retrospectively for age, gender, pathology, surgical complications (operative blood loss and length of stay [LOS]), comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity), tobacco use, pre- and postoperative nutritional status (albumin and body mass index [BMI]), use of pancreatic enzyme replacement, and perioperative laboratory values (hemoglobin and liver function test).