The CTLA4, TOB1, MYC, Notch, Hedgehog, and EMT pathways play a critical role in cancer progression (Artym et al., 2003; Hamester et al., 2019; Jiang K. et al., 2019; Karacosta et al., 2019; Kalbasi and Ribas, 2020). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is cancer.