FTO and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Available research indicated that certain genetic variants such as the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), MC4R, APOE, and fibroblast growth factor −21 (FGF21) (5–10), which were associated with adiposity, may influence food preference patterns such as increased intake of sugar and carbohydrate consumption (11–13), total energy intake, and preferences of macronutrients (5–10).