The TGFβ1 level (lower or higher than the median) in tumor stroma was positively associated with that of PD-L1 in tumor stroma and tumor (P ≤ 0.001, R = 0.428, 0.388), and CTLA4 in tumor stroma (P ≤ 0.001, R = 0.350), but not CD8 or FoxP3 in tumor stroma (P = 0.970; 0.249, respectively). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.