CXCL12 and AL amyloidosis: Waldschmidt et al. (2017) found that in multiple myeloma (MM), inhibition of cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) caused by bone marrow (BM) is the key to anti-myeloma treatment. NOX-A12, an L:-enantiomeric RNA oligonucleotide, is a specific inhibitor of CXCL12 (Sayyed et al., 2009). NOX-A12 functionally interfered with MM chemotaxis to the BM, caused multiple myeloma cells to be re-sensitized to therapeutic drugs. Aptamer NOX-A12 had anti-myeloma CAM-DR activity (Waldschmidt et al., 2017).