Tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), an essential upstream activator of the NF-κB signaling cascade, was found to be strikingly upregulated in adjacent endothelial cells in breast cancer after doxorubicin chemotherapy treatment (Acharyya et al., 2012), which was induced by the overexpression of CXCL1/2 in breast cancer cells and S100A8/9 in CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAM and breast cancer.