The neuroprotective effect of AT-MSC-derived exosomes in ALS could be associated with the presence of the ribonuclease RNAse4, a protein mutated in ALS patient, which is known to display angiogenic, neurogenic, and neuroprotective activities (Li et al., 2013; Bonafede et al., 2019; Padhi and Gomes, 2019). This evidence concerns the gene RNASE4 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.