Gratifyingly, clinical evidence such as case report and clinical trial showed that combination ICIs (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 inhibitor, programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 blockers) with RT could improve progression-free survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (89, 90). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.