CD47 and colon carcinoma: In mouse models of melanoma, colon carcinoma, and lymphoma, dual targeting of CD47 and PD-L1 was found to enhance anti-tumor effects (163–165) and several clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of CD47 or SIRPα monoclonal antibodies as monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors are underway (Table 5; ClinicalTrials.gov).