PHGDH and cancer: It is also worth noting that cancer cells with mutations in SF3B1, a gene which is frequently mutated in myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, demonstrated dysregulated serine synthesis pathway via downregulation of enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and increased dependency to extracellular serine (76), which is interesting because of the role serine plays in one carbon metabolism which contributes to folate metabolism, synthesis of nucleotides and several amino acids, as well as methylation reactions and redox balance (77).