However, the specific mechanism of XBP1 affecting IGFBP3 expression in NSCLC remains unclear, there are studies showed that activation of XBP1 can induce the expression of EMT-associated transcription factors (TFs), including ZEB2, TCF3 and snail1 and other EMT-associated molecule such as TGF-β (7, 11, 17). This evidence concerns the gene ZEB2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.