One study reported that lung cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors had significantly higher rates of full-grade interstitial lung disease (3.6% vs. 1.3%) and advanced interstitial lung disease (1.1% vs. 0.4%) than those treated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors (44). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and interstitial lung disease.