These clinical results demonstrated, for the first time, that stromal Rab37 was characterized by a distinct pro-tumor immune microenvironment with a high level of intratumoral IL-6 adjacent to M2-macrophages and PD-1+CD8+ exhausted T cells to elicit an immunosuppressive TME, leading to poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. Here, RAB37 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.