Among the mechanisms common to most cancer types, overexpression of membrane-bound drug efflux pumps (mainly ATP binding cassette B 1 [ABCB1), or multidrug resistance protein 1 [MDR1], p-glycoprotein) and anti-apoptotic proteins (such as survivin) have been frequently associated with therapeutic resistance in PCa 9-12. The gene discussed is ABCB1; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.