The pro-tumor factors CCL22 and IDO1 expression did not significantly change at either day 5 or day 9 after either viral treatments compared with PBS treatment (Figure S3), while the pro-tumor factor COX2 was significantly increased at day 5, but not at day 9 after vvDD-IL-23 treatment (Figure S3), which might contribute to the decrease of both G-MDSC and M-MDSC in tumor CD45+CD11b+ cells at day 9 (Figure 4D) since the COX2-PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) feedback plays an important role in the induction and persistence of MDSCs 41. This evidence concerns the gene IL23A and neoplasm.