Our study showed that compared with normal bone marrow samples, the mRNA expression of RhoB, RhoBTB2, RhoF, RhoQ, and RhoU was significantly increased in AML bone marrow samples, while the mRNA expression levels of Rac3, RhoBTB1, RhoBTB3, RhoC, and RhoV was decreased in AML bone marrow. This evidence concerns the gene RHOBTB2 and acute myeloid leukemia.