PCNA and neoplasm: In addition, IHC results showed that the protein levels of proliferation-related marker PCNA, EMT-related marker E-cadherin and N-cadherin, and tumor-promoting molecules VEGF and TGF-β were higher in tumors of nude mice co-injected with HCT116/Fn-treated Mφ than those of the compared control groups, while these protein levels were decreased in the nude mice co-injected with HCT116/(Fn + siS1A00A9)-treated Mφ (Figure 6D).