As an inflammation/immunity mediator, high levels of S100A9 have been indicated and aggravated mutiple pathogen infections, including coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis (27), streptococcus pneumoniae (SP)-related otitis media (OM) (40), and influenza A virus-related pneumonia (28). The gene discussed is S100A9; the disease is myocarditis.