TJP1 and inflammatory bowel disease: In addition, we have previously demonstrated the monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is evaluated in intestinal mucosal tissue of patients with IBD (22); further study demonstrated that the overexpression of MCT4 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) could significantly reduce cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated ZO-1 expression, while it promotes NF-κB binding to IL-6 promoter, leading to induce IL-6 secretion (23).