IFNG and neoplasm: Tumor or immune cells often release some substances during tumor growth process, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (Johnston et al., 2015), to activate the above signaling pathways in muscle cells, and then promote the occurrence and development of cachexia.