SMAD3 and thoracic aortic aneurysm: According to several studies, the SMAD family is related to the formation of thoracic aortic aneurysm (Regalado et al., 2011; Mao et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2016), and animal experiments have proven that the deficiency of SMAD3 would promote the formation of thoracic aortic aneurysm (Dai et al., 2015).