CD40 and melanoma: While we showed that inhibition of RAS-mediated pathways would induce CD40 on melanoma cells, based on prior work showing poor induction of CD40 expression in CD40 low cells [27, 28], induction of CD40 expression by RGS or other therapies may be more effective for those tumors that are CD40 diploid, or with increased CD40 copy number (CD40-gain).