PDCD1 and cancer: Currently, several clinical trials are ongoing using the CD40 agonists APX005M: 1) in combination with nivolumab and cabiralizumab (CSF1R antagonist) in patients with advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer or renal cell carcinoma whose disease has progressed on α-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy (NCT0302330); 2) in combination with a personal cancer vaccine (neo-pv-01) or ipilimumab with nivolumab in patients with advanced melanoma (NCT03597282); 3) in combination with nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer or metastatic melanoma (NCT03123783).