Sickle cell disease results from a single nucleotide substitution (SNP, rs334) in the β-globin gene (HBB) that causes the formation of an unstable sickling form of hemoglobin called HbS, whereas β-thalassemias can be caused by diverse mutations (single nucleotide substitution, deletions, insertions, etc.)in the HBB gene, respectively [4]. The gene discussed is HBB; the disease is sickle cell disease.