TIMP1 and osteoarthritis: In the field of orthopedics, DHEA has been shown to exert beneficial effects on osteoarthritis-damaged cartilage by actively regulating the balance of anabolic and catabolic factors (e.g., MMPs/TIMP-1 and ADAMTS/TIMP-3) and inhibiting catabolic signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin) [40].