ESR1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In a mouse model of obesity, the features of metabolic syndrome, such as adiposity, plasma triglycerides, and oxidative stress, were reduced following administration of the grape seed extract enriched in the flavan-3-ols procyanidin dimers (the most effective red wine polyphenol on the endothelium) partially via ERα (Leonetti et al., 2018).