AKT1 and prostate adenocarcinoma: These actions activate second messenger pathways including a) phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) leading to phosphorylation of AKT (known as protein kinase B) in the androgen-sensitive epithelial cells and osteoblasts (Baron et al., 2004; Kang et al., 2004) or activation of b) Src/Shc/ERK (proto-oncogene c-Src/Src homology 2 domain containing/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase) in osteoblasts, osteocytes, embryonic fibroblasts and HeLa cells (Kousteni et al., 2001), and c) MAPK signaling cascade in androgen-sensitive human prostate adenocarcinoma LNCaP cells (Heinlein & Chang, 2002).