A strong independent association between SHBG, FAI, and cardiovascular disease risk factors (i.e. obesity, insulin, glucose, and HDL levels, DBP, inflammatory markers) has been previously reported in peri- and premenopausal women of the large SWAN (Study of Women across the Nation) study [35]. The gene discussed is SHBG; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.