The NFAT family of transcription factors, except NFAT5, is an essential contributor to the progression of cardiac hypertrophy through governing changes in cardiomyocyte gene expression in response to a supra-physiological increase in wall stress (pressure overload) causing a maladaptive increase in cardiomyocyte size and rise in wall thickness ultimately leading to heart failure [36]. This evidence concerns the gene NFAT5 and cardiac hypertrophy.