BIRC5 and renal cell carcinoma: The co-inhibition of OCT4 and BIRC5 may be beneficial to the treatment of HCC.[33] Additionally, the high expression of BIRC5 promotes the proliferation of tumour cells in various tumour tissues, such as renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and cervix cancer, and is associated with a worse prognosis.[34–36]