Thus, treatment of murine colitis with glatiramer acetate reduced disease expression at clinical and pathological levels, and restored normal levels of syndecan-1 necessary for a stable intestinal epithelial barrier (66); in EAE, teriflunomide induced an increase in MLN CD39+ Treg cells, which, upon transfer in mice at disease onset, reduced clinical severity (67); treatment with DMF alleviated murine colitis, improving intestinal barrier function, and led to a diminution of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon (68). Here, SDC1 is linked to colitis.