Moreover, reactive astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells can secrete mediators including transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), augmenting the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (Sethi et al., 2008; Könnecke and Bechmann, 2013). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.