RMCCA-1, a necroptosis sensitive human CCA cell line expressing RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL was stimulated with TNF-α (T), SM-164 (S), and a pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk (Z) (TSZ), a well-known necroptosis inducer, to induce necroptosis25. Here, MLKL is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.